New research offers a fresh path for treatment of liver cancer.

The Centenary Institute and University of Sydney have uncovered crucial insights into liver cancer's immune environment, shedding light on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common form of the disease. 

Their latest study, published in Hepatology Communications, reveals differences in immune cell dynamics within tumours compared to surrounding liver tissues, potentially paving the way for innovative treatment strategies.

Using imaging mass cytometry, researchers mapped immune cells within tumours and nearby tissues. 

“The number of immune cells is similar in both tumour and non-tumour areas, but the way these cells interact within the tumour is different,” said Dr Felix Marsh-Wakefield, lead author.

The team found unique immune ‘neighbourhoods’ near blood vessels inside the tumour.

One striking discovery was the increased presence of VEGFA+ perivascular macrophages, cells that produce a protein aiding tumour growth by forming new blood vessels. 

“By focusing on the role of VEGFA+ perivascular macrophages, new treatments could potentially disrupt the tumour’s blood supply, hindering its growth and spread,” Dr Marsh-Wakefield noted.

The research not only clarifies immune behaviour within liver tumours but also strengthens the foundation for more targeted therapies. 

“This provides a new perspective that could be crucial for future therapeutic approaches and improving patient outcomes,” Dr Marsh-Wakefield added.

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