A new review has found doctors should consider recommending e-cigarettes for patients who repeatedly fail to stop smoking tobacco.

The review of the scientific evidence on e-cigarettes by UNSW’s A/Prof Colin Mendelsohn has been published in the Internal Medicine Journal of the Royal Australian College of Physicians.

E-cigarettes create vapour from liquid to deliver nicotine. Their use replicates the habits and rituals of smoking, but have none of the tar, carbon monoxide and other toxic chemicals from burning tobacco.

Studies in the US and UK, where e-cigarettes are legal and widely available, have found that their use (called vaping) is associated with higher success rates of quitting smoking than amongst non-users.

The highest success rates occur with newer e-cigarette models and daily use of nicotine e-liquid, rather than intermittent use.

A 2016 report by the Royal College of Physicians in the UK concluded the health risk from long-term vaping was unlikely to exceed 5 per cent of the harm from smoking tobacco.

Another study found that vaping results in a dramatic reduction in carcinogens and other toxicants measured in the blood and saliva of e-cigarette users, compared to tobacco smokers.

Other research cited in Mendelsohn’s review found that smokers who switch to vaping have significant health improvements, including improvements in asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, blood pressure, cardiovascular health, lung function and pneumonia risk.

“Medical practitioners have a duty of care to provide the best possible management at each encounter,” says A/Prof Mendelsohn.

“With-holding a legitimate treatment option that could prevent a life-threatening illness is a breach of that obligation.

“For patients who have repeatedly failed to quit smoking with conventional strategies an e-cigarette is a legitimate, evidence-based option for reducing harm. Their use could lead to substantial improvements in public health in Australia,” he says.

Vaping is currently being legalised in Canada and New Zealand, but a federal parliamentary majority (five out of eight) report last week recommended that a ban on the sale of nicotine-containing e-cigarettes in Australia be retained.

However, a minority report concluded their use by smokers who have tried and failed other ways of quitting “could save many thousands of lives” and that they should be available “as a consumer good to Australians”.

Doctors can currently prescribe nicotine e-liquids for therapeutic purposes such as quitting smoking, with the patients importing three months’ supply of nicotine at a time from overseas, allowing the patient to use the product legally.

“In Australia between 2013 and 2016, the smoking rate has not declined significantly for the first time in decades, despite very high cigarette prices, plain packaging and strict tobacco control laws,” says Associate Professor Mendelsohn.

“However, in countries where which support vaping, smoking rates are continuing to fall, faster than ever, in some cases.”